A Group of Art Songs Composed to Form a Narrative or Dramatic Whole Is Known as a

Vocal music composition, usually written for ane voice with piano accessory

Bar five of Schubert's art vocal entitled Nacht und Träume. The song function, including the melody notes and the text, is in the top stave. The two staves beneath are the piano function.

An fine art song is a Western vocal music composition, unremarkably written for one vocalization with pianoforte accessory, and usually in the classical art music tradition. Past extension, the term "fine art song" is used to refer to the commonage genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire").^[1] An fine art vocal is most oftentimes a musical setting of an contained poem or text,^[ane] "intended for the concert repertory"^[2] "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion".^[3] While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized as art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song^[1] and sometimes not.^[four]

Other factors help ascertain art songs:

Songs that are role of a staged piece of work (such as an aria from an opera or a song from a musical) are non usually considered art songs.^[v] Withal, some Baroque arias that "appear with great frequency in recital operation"^[5] are at present included in the fine art vocal repertoire.
Songs with instruments likewise piano (e.m., cello and piano) and/or other singers are referred to equally "vocal bedchamber music", and are usually not considered art songs.^[six]
Songs originally written for phonation and orchestra are called "orchestral songs" and are not usually considered art songs, unless their original version was for solo vocalization and pianoforte.^[7]
Folk songs and traditional songs are generally not considered art songs, unless they are art music-manner concert arrangements with piano accessory written by a specific composer^[8] Several examples of these songs include Aaron Copland's two volumes of Old American Songs, the Folksong arrangements past Benjamin Britten,^[ix] and the Siete canciones populares españolas (Seven Spanish Folksongs) past Manuel de Falla.
At that place is no agreement regarding sacred songs. Many song settings of biblical or sacred texts were equanimous for the concert stage and not for religious services; these are widely known as art songs (for example, the Vier ernste Gesänge by Johannes Brahms). Other sacred songs may or may non exist considered fine art songs.^[ten]
A group of art songs composed to exist performed in a group to grade a narrative or dramatic whole is called a song wheel.

Languages and nationalities [edit]

Fine art songs have been equanimous in many languages, and are known by several names. The German language tradition of art song composition is perhaps the most prominent i; it is known as Lieder. In France, the term mélodie distinguishes art songs from other French vocal pieces referred to as chansons. The Spanish canción and the Italian canzone refer to songs generally and not specifically to art songs.

Form [edit]

The composer's musical language and estimation of the text often dictate the formal design of an fine art vocal. If all of the poem's verses are sung to the same music, the song is strophic. Arrangements of folk songs are oft strophic,^[i] and "there are exceptional cases in which the musical repetition provides dramatic irony for the changing text, or where an almost hypnotic monotony is desired."^[i] Several of the songs in Schubert's Dice schöne Müllerin are good examples of this. If the vocal melody remains the same simply the accompaniment changes under it for each verse, the piece is called a "modified strophic" song. In dissimilarity, songs in which "each department of the text receives fresh music"^[1] are chosen through-equanimous. Most through-equanimous works accept some repetition of musical material in them. Many art songs use some version of the ABA course (also known as "song form" or "ternary class"), with a get-go musical section, a contrasting center section, and a return to the first department's music. In some cases, in the render to the first department'due south music, the composer may make minor changes.

Performance and performers [edit]

Performance of fine art songs in recital requires special skills for both the vocalizer and pianist. The degree of intimacy "seldom equaled in other kinds of music"^[1] requires that the two performers "communicate to the audience the almost subtle and evanescent emotions every bit expressed in the verse form and music".^[1] The two performers must concur on all aspects of the performance to create a unified partnership, making fine art song operation one of the "most sensitive blazon(s) of collaboration".^[i] Too, the pianist must be able to closely match the mood and character expressed past the singer. Even though classical vocalists generally embark on successful performing careers as soloists by seeking out opera engagements, a number of today'southward most prominent singers have built their careers primarily by singing art songs, including Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, Thomas Quasthoff, Ian Bostridge, Matthias Goerne, Wolfgang Holzmair, Susan Graham and Elly Ameling. Pianists, too, have specialized in playing fine art songs with bully singers. Gerald Moore, Geoffrey Parsons, Graham Johnson, Dalton Baldwin, Hartmut Höll and Martin Katz are six such pianists who have specialized in accompanying fine art song performances. The piano parts in fine art songs can be so complex that the piano part is not really a subordinate accessory part; the pianist in challenging art songs is more of an equal partner with the solo singer. Equally such, some pianists who specialize in performing fine art vocal recitals with singers refer to themselves as "collaborative pianists", rather than as accompanists.

Composers [edit]

British [edit]

John Dowland
Thomas Campion
William Byrd
Thomas Morley
Henry Purcell
Hubert Parry
Frederick Delius
Ralph Vaughan Williams
Roger Quilter
John Ireland
Ivor Gurney
Peter Warlock
Michael Caput
Madeleine Dring
Gerald Finzi
Jonathan Dove
Benjamin Britten
Morfydd Llwyn Owen
Michael Tippett
Ian Venables
Judith Weir
George Butterworth
Francis George Scott
Rebecca Clarke

American [edit]

Austrian and German [edit]

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Ludwig van Beethoven
Franz Schubert
Felix Mendelssohn
Fanny Mendelssohn
Robert Schumann
Clara Schumann
Carl Loewe
Johannes Brahms
Hugo Wolf
Gustav Mahler
Richard Strauss
Alexander von Zemlinsky
Arnold Schoenberg
Anton Webern
Alban Berg
Erich Wolfgang Korngold
Viktor Ullmann
Hanns Eisler
Kurt Weill
Paul Hindemith
Wilhelm Killmayer
Josephine Lang
Emilie Mayer

French [edit]

Hector Berlioz
Charles Gounod
Pauline Viardot
César Franck
Camille Saint-Saëns
Georges Bizet
Emmanuel Chabrier
Henri Duparc
Jules Massenet
Gabriel Fauré
Claude Debussy
Erik Satie
Maurice Ravel
Lili Boulanger
Nadia Boulanger
Albert Roussel
Reynaldo Hahn
Darius Milhaud
Francis Poulenc
Olivier Messiaen
Henri Dutilleux
Cécile Chaminade

Romanian [edit]

George Enescu
Dinu Lipatti
Pascal Bentoiu
Irina Hasnaș

Castilian [edit]

Latin American [edit]

Italian [edit]

Claudio Monteverdi
Barbara Strozzi
Gioachino Rossini
Gaetano Donizetti
Vincenzo Bellini
Francesca Caccini
Giuseppe Verdi
Amilcare Ponchielli
Paolo Tosti
Ottorino Respighi
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco
Luciano Berio
Lorenzo Ferrero

Eastern European [edit]

Franz Liszt – Hungary (about all his fine art song settings are of texts in non-Hungarian European languages, such as French and High german)
Antonín Dvořák – Bohemia
Leoš Janáček – Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Béla Bartók – Republic of hungary
Zoltán Kodály – Hungary
Frédéric Chopin – Poland
Stanisław Moniuszko – Poland

Nordic [edit]

Edvard Grieg – Kingdom of norway (fix German likewise as Norse and Danish poetry)
Jean Sibelius – Finland (ready both Finnish and Swedish)
Yrjö Kilpinen – Finland
Wilhelm Stenhammar – Sweden
Hugo Alfvén – Sweden
Carl Nielsen – Kingdom of denmark

Russian [edit]

Mikhail Glinka
Alexander Borodin
César Cui
Nikolai Medtner
Small-scale Mussorgsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Alexander Glazunov
Sergei Rachmaninoff
Sergei Prokofiev
Igor Stravinsky
Dmitri Shostakovich

Ukrainian [edit]

Vasyl Barvinsky^[11]
Stanyslav Lyudkevych^[11]
Mykola Lysenko
Nestor Nyzhankivsky
Ostap Nyzhankivsky
Denys Sichynsky^[11]
Myroslav Skoryk
Ihor Sonevytsky
Yakiv Stepovy
Kyrylo Stetsenko

Asian [edit]

Nicanor Abelardo – Philippines
Ananda Sukarlan – Indonesia

Afrikaans [edit]

Jellmar Ponticha
Stephanus Le Roux Marais

Arabic [edit]

Iyad Kanaan – Lebanon

Come across also [edit]

Kundiman
Song
Song cycle

Footnotes [edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^east ^f ^yard ^h ⁱ Meister, An Introduction to the Art Song, pp. 11–17.
^ Art Vocal, Grove Online
^ Randel, Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 61
^ Kimball, Introduction, p. thirteen
^ ^a ^b Kimball, p. fourteen
^ Meister calls it "a variety of art song" (p. xiii); Kimball does non include these works in her study of art songs.(p. xiv)
^ Meister, p. 14, and Kimball, p. xiv
^ Meister refers to them as a "hybrid medium", p. 14
^ Benjamin Britten, Complete Folksong Arrangements (61 Songs), edited past Richard Walters, Boosey & Hawkes #M051933747, ISBN 1423421566
^ Neither Meister nor Kimball mention sacred songs generally, but both discuss the Brahms songs and selected other works in their books on art vocal.
^ ^a ^b ^c Composers – Ukrainian Fine art Song Project Archived 2015-04-16 at the Wayback Car

References [edit]

Draayer, Suzanne (2009), Art Song Composers of Spain: An Encyclopedia, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-6362-0
Draayer, Suzanne (2003), A Vocalist's Guide to the Songs of Joaquín Rodrigo, Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, ISBN 978-0-8108-4827-6
Kimball, Ballad (2005), Song: A Guide to Art Song Style and Literature, revised edition, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard, ISBN978-1-4234-1280-9
Meister, Barbara (1980), An Introduction to the Art Song, New York, New York: Taplinger, ISBN0-8008-8032-iii
Randel, Don Michael (2003), The Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard Academy Printing, p. 61, ISBN0-674-01163-5 , retrieved 2012-x-22
Villamil, Victoria Etnier (1993), A Vocaliser's Guide to the American Art Song (2004 paperback ed.), Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Printing, ISBN0-8108-5217-ix

External links [edit]

Hampsong Foundation
Joy In Singing
The LiederNet Archive - texts to over 165,000 vocal works with over 35,000 translations
Art Song Central
The Art Song Projection
The African American Art Song Alliance
Fine art Song Composers of Spain
Canadian Art Song Project
Latin American Art Song Brotherhood
Ukrainian Art Vocal Project
Ukrainian fine art songs. Audio files.
Hispasong.com Spanish song music, in English.
Art Song Colorado
Canciones de España—Songs of Nineteenth-Century Spain [1]
lottelehmannleague.org/singing-sins-archive (archived Hawaii Public Radio broadcasts about arts songs)

petersonprefte.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_song#:~:text=A%20group%20of%20art%20songs,is%20called%20a%20song%20cycle.